Three Major Types Of Buying Situation Commerce Essay

Three Major Types Of Buying Situation Commerce Essay Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to choose, expend, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy their needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society (Noel, 2009). Consumer behaviour mixes elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics and it also intends to understand the buyer decision making process, both in individual and in groups (Noel, 2009). There are various elements which can influence consumer behaviour, recent research implies that it may vary depending on the buying situation. This essay is going to define the main types of buying situations, outline the characteristics of them and explain factors which are likely to impact customer involvement in each situation. In general, there are three major types of buying situations (BE, 2005). †¢ The new task is a business buying situation in which the buyer purchases a product or service for the first time. †¢ The modified rebuy is defined as a business buying situation in which the buyer wants to modify product specifications, prices, terms, or suppliers. †¢ Straight rebuy is a buying situation in which the buyer routinely reorders something without any modifications. The three types of buying situations could be significantly different. Various factors may work in different situations. Every time when the buyer is to take a purchase decision, buying situation can be different, it may or may not be the same as the previous one. The differentiation between the two buying situations may be caused by the absence of any or all of the following factors (LME, 2006). †¢ Awareness about competing brands in a product group. †¢ Customer has a decision criterion. †¢ Customer is able to evaluate and decide on his choice. According to the factors above, the three major types of buying situation could be obviously different. The new task could also be defined as extensive problem solving  situation (LME, 2006). In this situation, the buyer has no past experience for products and he is totally new to buy the products which require some and extensive efforts for a buyer to decide about the product purchase. It may take customers longer time to make a decision because it could have a greater risk or cost and take more time in getting know of the new products. Modified rebuy could also be called as limited problem solving situation in which supplies a change and gives the customer with new experience and new preference (CM, 2005). It gives a chance to the customer to try something new. If the introduction of a new brand or a product shows many advantages to the customer, it could require a change in the customers decision criterion. For example, a housewife decides to buy a soap and she sees a new liquid toilet soap which promises to keep her skin soft and moisturized, the brand also promises to give vitamin E, which the manufacturer claims is required in temperate conditions. The liquid toilet soap brand is available in four fragrances .The pack can be refilled every time the soap gets fully consumed .Now this introduction is likely to change her decision and may be the choice criterion. If she spends some time in evaluating the liquid toilet soap against the normal bar soap and then decides to try it, we conclude that for her it was a li mited problem solving situation (CM, 2005). As can be seen, modified rebuy might often lead to a trial purchase. The customer may even decide to continue with her current product choice. Generally it has been admitted that brand extension strategy helps the customer to reduce the elements of newness in the purchase decision. Straight rebuy is also known as extensive problem solving situation  and it is characterized by the presence of all three criterion for differentiation (CM, 2005). In other words, customers are aware of his or her choices, they know what they are searching for, as his or her choice, what exactly his need is and which is based on personal experience of either self or others might be relatives, friends or the customers have heard about it that is known to be called as good messages. Generally, the customers spend little or no time choosing alternatives of the product and the substitutes of the product .Brand loyalty is relatively higher here. Moreover, this is a buying situation where a customer perceives a low risk in buying the product and/or the brand. For example, a housewife goes to the shop or a supermarket and spends much less time in choosing her toiletries, drinks like tea or coffee and other food products. For each time she goes to buy the things for family requirements and needs, she generally finishes up buying the same brand. As it is shown above, the three factors which make the differentiations between the buying situations appear different in each situation. Thus, there could be different factors which affect customer involvement in each situation. In general, there are four of them (Song, J.H. and Adams, C.R., 1993): †¢Capacity: What it does for a buyer; †¢Quality: How well or poorly it does the specified functions; †¢Price: The amount paid by the buyer; †¢Effort: The time and energy expended by the buyer. These four factors are most likely to affect customers to make the decision when they are doing a purchase, which could participate differently in the three buying situations. In the new task buying situation, because customer has no experience for the products, it may have more factors affecting the customer involvement. The customers could consider all the factors: capacity, quality, price and also brand, it could take the customers more time than other buying situations. It could be the buying situation which is most likely to affect customer involvement. The firms have to set all the factors right if they want to attract new customers or they want to develop a new product. In the modified rebuy situation, customers may contrast the previous products with the new ones. As the customers understand what they need and what the products can do, the factors like quality and price are important to affect the customer involvement. Sometimes, a good introduction of the capacity is important as well. In this situation, the brand loyalty could also act as an important factor of affecting the customer involvement. It also may take customers quite a long time befor e making a decision. In the straight rebuy situation, the customers know exactly what they need, they have already know the information about the products they want. Therefore, the most likely factors which could affect the customer involvement are the capacity and the quality. Once the firms have done well on the quality of their products and also make a good introduction of the capacity of products, it could make customers spending less time on making a decision. It may let customers feel easy to be involved in the consuming. In conclusion, there are three major types of buying situations, which are new task, modified rebuy and straight rebuy. Three factors make the buying situations be different from the others, customers may face different problems in these situations. Thus, there are four main factors which are likely to affect customer involvement. Each situation could also have different types of factors which effect the customer involvement. All of the above suggests that consumer behaviour do vary depending on the buying situation. More research could be done on what firms can do to improve the customer involvement while choosing their products.

Personal Narrative - Music and I Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Music and I Ever since I was a small child, I have loved music. The strong, steady beats, the entrancing melodies, and the lyrics that vary between heart-warming and heart-wrenching have always had an unexplainable affect on my life. Music seems to have the ability to change certain aspects of my world. If I am in a foul mood, an angry girl band can make my rotten attitude even more irresistibly awful. When I am happy, any sort of upbeat, dance-to-me kind of music enhances my joy that much more. I love to study to classical music, daydream to classical music, even sleep to classical music. Through my teen years, I became a fan of the often melodramatic country music that is still preset on my radio today. No matter what kind of music it is, when I turn it on, my mood morphs easily into whatever kind of music I am listening to. Music has absolutely been an enormous part of my life and who I am. However, this is not to say that I have much musical talent. I did perform in the choir in elementary school, and I played the flute for four years through middle school, but one day I came to a simple decision. When it comes to music, I am a much better enjoyer of it than a producer of it. When I am alone in the car, my sing-along-to-whatever-is-on-the-radio voice is fab-u-lous. However, as soon as any else climbs into the car with me my talent suddenly dwindles. My larynx doesn’t seem to appreciate an audience when it is trying to perform. Thus, my musical enjoyment stems directly from listening. My love for music has existed for as long as I can remember. When I was a child, my mom and I had a special song that she would sing to me if I was sick, sad, or sometimes just as a treat before bed. To this day, â€Å"You are My S... ...an beings. Although each person has a distinctly unique taste of music, people still like to listen to it and enjoy it. My own personal experiences and attitudes to music have stemmed from my own life and relationships. My new husband and I just finished putting up our very first Christmas tree together. I was pleasantly amazed when he flipped on the radio to Christmas tunes and began singing along to them with me. These holiday songs are only another example to me of how powerful music is. As soon as we starting singing while we were putting up ornaments on the tree, our moods were lifted easily from the stress of looming finals and another Christmas working in retail. Although this is the first year I won’t be spending Christmas at home, I know that all I will have to do is listen to the old familiar notes of â€Å"Holy Jolly Christmas† to feel right at home.

Meaning of life †Human Essay

?According to Albert Camus â€Å"You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life. † People can define happiness in various ways, for ones it means achieving their set goals while for others happiness means serving for society, and finally some people interpret happiness as finding the meaning of their life. People can spend their whole time only searching for the meaning of life, and they forget or ignore the life and real time that passes by. Unfortunately, you can search for the meaning of life and still not find it, or it can come to you with age. Significant events such as surviving the airplane or car crashes or losing the important people in one’s life, force humans to reconsider their values or beliefs, and can help to find the true meaning of life. Meaning of life is something that comes with the age, wisdom or experience. It is also hard to define what the meaning of life is, for it can be easily misinterpreted with the goals or values. I do not have my own meaning of life yet, for I am young, I have not so much experience in my life, and I cannot actually define what the meaning of life is. To begin with, I am not fully mature as a person because I am only twenty years old and my life has just started. Consequently, wanting to enjoy all the charms of my young life I try not to think about difficult topics such as meaning of life. I value my time that I have now, so I want to spend it learning and gaining an experience. The only thing I can figure out in this research on meaning of life, is that people value one thing – time. Having time we can find something or someone, develop ourselves and etc. Theoretically, we can do everything when we have time, but when we have time and do not have someone for whom we can spend it – our life becomes meaningless. Life becomes meaningful when we can spend time on objects and subjects that are important for us. As I am living with my parents, I do not even think about how to earn money, rise future generation and become independent person. I do not have to be a breadwinner at home, and I do not have to work yet. I do not have children, so I do not take the responsibility for treating my children right. However, it would be helpful to find out the meaning of life before I become a parent, for it would help me to raise my children right. My life is easier now, so I do not stop to think about the meaning of my life. Although I am dependent on my parents because they give me shelter, food and opportunity to get an education, I feel that being independent also would lead to thoughts about the meaning of life. Being a young adult give me the opportunity to gain an experience that could help me find the meaning of life. I am learning at the LCC university where professors from different countries tell their stories about their own life experience, and it seems that the person should have an experience in order to have a meaning of life. The experience of meeting different people, being introduced to different cultures, beliefs and values, and seeing the real adult life, all these experiences bring an insight about the meaning that the person can find in life. It is very difficult to find the right definition of meaning of life. When persons speak about creation of family or being a successful in work, it seems like goals and it is, but some people see it as the meaning. I can also assume that being happy and appreciative person has the real meaning in life, but is it the meaning of life? Maybe we should find the meaning that would lead us to feel happy and appreciative. I think that meaning of life does not even exist. There are only purposes. Love, family, friendship – are only purposes, and purpose is not the meaning. Why? Because they answer the question of approachability, we can reach it or not. Theoretically, if these things were meaningful, life would end when we reach all of them. Meaning is sort of general idea, which is accessible and equal to all. It cannot answer the question of feasibility. Actually, the meaning of life should by absolute verity. Overall, this is the topic that brings many thoughts to my mind. For now I can say that I do not have any specific meaning of my life so far. I am young, rebel, adventure seeking person, and the spirit that now lives in my soul gives me the opportunity to live and enjoy the fruits of my young adulthood years, and I rarely stop to think about the real meaning of life. I do not know whether it is right or wrong that I do not pay much attention for such topic. I believe that people become wiser with years, and that wisdom would bring the need to evaluate the life and to seek and find the meaning of it. I also cannot actually define what the meaning of life is, and I think that some people cannot find out it through their life. Overall, life is already meaningful as the person lives and breathes.

Situation Analysis Chain of Command Charismatic Leadership Team Characteristics

Situation Analysis Chain of Command Charismatic Leadership Team Characteristics Formulating strategy often commence with an assessment of the internal and external factors that will affect the organization's competitive situation. Situation Analysis typically includes a search for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that affect organization performance.Situation Analysis is important to all companies but is crucial to those considering globalization because of the diverse environments in which they operate.Customers, government reports, professional journals, suppliers, bankers, friends in other organizations, consultants, or association meetings may include external information about opportunities and threats.Many companies are hiring competitive intelligence professionals to scope out competitors.Surveys of employee attitudes and satisfaction are attained information that executives gather including internal strengths and weaknesses from various reports, budgets, financial ratios, and profit and loss statements. Managers spend 80% of their time gi ving and receiving information. Executives build an understanding of the company's internal strengths and weaknesses through face-to-face discussions and meetings with people at all hierarchical levels.Organization Keeps you moving-VinPositive internal characteristics that the organization can take advantage of, to achieve its strategic performance goals are its strengths.Internal characteristics that might inhibit or restrict the organization performance goals are its weaknesses.Characteristics for the external environment that have the potential to help the organization achieve or exceed its strategic goals are opportunitiesQuestion for understanding:Are threat characteristics of the external environment preventing some organizations for achieving it strategic goals?YesChap 6Increasing Participation in Decision MakingManagers make some decisions as individuals but decision makers are more often part if a group. Major decisions in the business world are rarely made entirely by an i ndividual. Effective decision-making often depends on whether managers involve the right people in the right ways in helping to solve problems. The Vroom-Jago model is an example of guidance for practicing mangers. Vroom-Jago model helps a manager gauge the appropriate amount of participation by subordinates...

Learning to Become an Ecologist - Secrets of Ecologists

Learning to Become an Ecologist - Secrets of Ecologists How To Become An Ecologist While the profession of ecologist is not very old, it already has a rich history, interesting peculiarities, and millions of advocates, eager to become ecologists as they grow up. The main object of the ecologist is finding and studying the relations between the living organisms, including human beings. It may seem as not really interesting task from the first glance, but it is much more gripping as it may seem. Unveiling the Secrets of Ecologist Ecologists Duty The actual work, performed by ecologists can be not really influential separately rescued animal, studied soil, organized striker against a harmful manufacture. Apparently, that is not as much important as rescuing people from fire or saving peoples lives in hospital. However, all these minor actions help us understand how the nature works and let people interact with much less harm and inconveniences for the environment. Some of the deeds simply slowly kill the planet and the ecologists duty is to stop it and cure the Earth as much as possible. One of the biggest influences here is evolution as it changes the natures behavior and ignoring it means enormous problems over the long term. Ecologists present us knowledge and devices to react properly as well as protect both us and nature. Ecologists Working Place If you ask whats an ecologist main task, you will hear that it is ecosystem study. Most of the ecologists work in the state organizations within particular resource agencies. Also, there is a special branch in this sphere natural resource managers. These are the people who deal with subsoil resources and their working places can also be some commercial building companies, not only state ones. Apart from that, it is not a surprise to meet an educated ecologist in the university who teaches students to save the world in a similar way. Ecologists Duties As the environmental problems are growing each year, peoples awareness about nowadays and incoming issues is also increasing. This means that ecologists work quite well to inform the society about possible outcomes of the life people lead now. Moreover, huge companies now also own their private ecologists (usually with different names, including resource manager, lobbyist, environmental consultant, etc.) to avoid possible obstacles on this level. Ecologists Job Description Despite the main objective of finding relations between members of the ecosystem, ecologists still have plenty job tasks that vary depending on the working place. Among the most common are: conduct researches on different related topics; conduct statistical analysis of the certain question; calculate influential factors of a sphere; express the final opinion in combined publications; establish beneficial relations between company and partners on the basis of the studies. These are only some of the objectives that an expert ecologist should be able to perform. Ecologists Study Requirements The study of ecology differs from the other branches of science. Despite theoretical notions, practical experience is also of great importance. Early working experience, including volunteering, may be beneficial and helpful for the future jobs.

4th Grade Lesson Plan for Expanded Notation

4th Grade Lesson Plan for Expanded Notation Students will create, read, and decompose large numbers. Class 4th Grade Duration One or two class periods, 45 minutes each Materials: paper or large note cards numbered 0 - 10 (enough for the whole class)chalkboard, whiteboard, or overhead projector Key Vocabulary place value, ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands, expanded notation (or expanded form) Objectives Students will demonstrate their understanding of place value to create and read large numbers. Standards Met 4.NBT.2 Read and write multi-digit whole numbers using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. Lesson Introduction Ask a few volunteer students to come to the board and write down the largest number that they can think of and read aloud. Many students will want to put endless numerals on the board, but being able to read the number aloud is a more difficult task! Step-by Step Procedure: Give each student a sheet of paper or large note card with a numeral between 0 - 10.Call two students up to the front of the class. Any two students will work as long as they are not both holding a 0 card.Have them show their numerals to the class. For example, one student is holding a 1 and the other is holding a 7. Ask the class, â€Å"What number do they make when they stand next to each other?† Depending on where they are standing, the new number is 17 or 71. Have students tell you what the numbers mean. For example, with 17, the 7 means 7 ones, and the 1 is really 10.Repeat this process with several other students until you are confident that at least half of the class has mastered the two-digit numbers.Move on to three digit numbers by inviting three students to come to the front of the class. Let’s say that their number is 429. As in the above examples, ask the following questions:What does the 9 mean?What does the 2 mean?What does the 4 mean?As students answer t hese questions, write the numbers down: 9 20 400 429. Tell them that this is called â€Å"expanded notation† or expanded form. The term â€Å"expanded† should make sense to many students because we are taking a number and expanding it into its parts. After doing a few examples at the front of the class, have the students begin writing the expanded notation down as you invite students up to the board. With enough examples on their paper, when it comes to more complex problems, they will be able to use their notes as a reference.Continue adding students to the front of the class until you are working on four-digit numbers, then five-digit, then six. As you move into the thousands, you may want to become the comma that separates thousands and the hundreds, or you can assign the comma to a student. (The student that is always wanting to participate is a good one to assign this to - the comma will be called upon often!) Homework/Assessment You can give your students a choice of assignments  - both are equally long and equally difficult, though in different ways: Have students write 987,654 in expanded notation OR the largest number that they are able to.Have them write 20,006 in expanded notation (Be sure to go over this one in class the next day.) Evaluation Write the following numbers on the board and have students write them in expanded notation:1,78630,551516

Personal Goals Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Goals - Personal Statement Example of work, I need to be able to understand people and their diseases and the best background to this information is having knowledge of their surroundings. This Master’s degree is my ticket to be able to interact more with people in the health care field and connect with them on a different level by first understanding where they come from, the pressures they face and in the end find effective short and long term solutions. The program will put me in a leadership position as well and especially with both theoretical and practical aspect by understanding health care administrations. The knowledge will give me the insight knowledge into the health care field from a leadership position. This information and knowledge I hope will put me in a position of connecting with not only the patients but the employees and my colleagues on a deeper level as I will be able to relate with them. All of this matters because it has always been my dream to be people’s person and in an administrative position for that matter but still hold the element of care and concern. I have always wanted to help people without any prejudice and the health field was the best opportunity. Having to fulfil this dream by gaining a Master’s degree where there are chances that I can be an administrator will be one of my greatest life’s achievements. I will be able to help the patients through good interaction, communication and motivation of the health care staff being an administrator. When the needs of the employees are taken care of, then they can in turn assist the patients and a large number of them without any worries or reservations (Martin, Charlesworth and Henderson, 2010). The Master’s programs will also enable me understand the existing health care policies and why they were formulated and to what extent they are helping or not helping the people and especially the target audience. I will not only be able to understand these policies but also be able to change them or at least be