8 Writing Tips for Beginners

8 Writing Tips for Beginners 8 Writing Tips for Beginners 8 Writing Tips for Beginners By Ali Hale Welcome to the wonderful world of writing! However young or old you are, writing can be so rewarding. For some writers, it’s a fun hobby and a creative outlet; for others, it’s a dream career. When you’re just getting started, you might feel excited but also a little daunted – where should you begin? What do you need to know and learn? The great thing about writing is that whatever stage you’re at, you can keep growing your skills and honing your craft. This applies whether you’re a total beginner or a best-selling author: there’s always something new to learn or try. In your early months (or even years) as a writer, these eight tips should help you on your way Tip #1: Try Lots of Different Types of Writing When you’re just starting out, you might not know what you want to write – you just want to write! Or, you might have a firm idea of the type of writing you’d like to do (maybe you want to be a novelist or a poet, for instance). As a beginner, you’re in a great position to try out lots of different types of writing, without needing to commit to one in particular: no-one’s (yet!) demanding your next book. So have a go at a wide range of genres and styles – you might surprise yourself with what you enjoy. I never set out to be a freelancer (my writing dreams were all about being a novelist) †¦ but ten years into freelancing, I still love it, and I’ve written and published three novels too. Tip #2: Read Some Good Writing Blogs or Books †¦ But Not Too Many There are some brilliant books and blogs out there that’ll teach you the basics of writing (and much more): Daily Writing Tips is a great place to begin, of course! For fiction-writers, I always recommend K.M. Weiland’s blog Helping Writers Become Authors, and Nigel Watts’ book Get Started in †¦ Writing a Novel; for non-fiction writers, the Copyblogger blog is a great read, as is Joanna Penn’s book How to Write Non-Fiction. One trap that beginner writers sometimes fall into, though, is that they read and read, trying to learn everything there is to know about writing – but they don’t actually write! So don’t get too caught up in reading: make sure you’re also setting aside time to try out writing exercises, or to develop your own ideas. Tip #3: Start With Small Projects, Not Book-Length Works If you’ve never written much before, launching straight into a novel probably won’t work: either you’ll run out of steam within a few chapters, or you’ll keep writing but you’ll end up with a story that needs an awful lot of work to make it publishable. It’s better to hone your skills on smaller projects first: think short stories if you’re a fiction-writer, or short articles or blog posts if you’re a non-fiction writer. These can be a great way to explore potential ideas and topics without committing to a book-length work straight away. Tip #4: Write Regularly So You Don’t Lose Momentum Some writers think you should write every day: personally, I don’t think that’s very good advice. Maybe your weekdays are very busy, because you work long hours, but your weekends are clear. Or perhaps it’s the other way round: you have some time during the week while your kids are at school, but your weekends are packed with activities. It’s fine to set a writing schedule that suits you and your life †¦ but do make sure you’re allowing yourself time to write on a regular basis. If weeks go by without you writing anything, you’ll inevitably lose momentum. Writing at least once a week works for most people. For those who need extra help fighting procrastination, this post has many tips to beat writers block. Tip #5: Use Clear, Straightforward Words While I’m a huge fan of words, and love the sound of some more unusual ones (eclectic is one of my favourites!) †¦ I think that as a writer, it’s normally best to keep things simple. Even if, in school, you got extra marks for showing off your impressive vocabulary, readers frankly don’t care! You should, of course, use the word that best fits what you mean: sometimes a precise, technical word is the best choice, even if it isn’t the simplest. But in general, keep George Orwell’s advice in mind: â€Å"Never use a long word where a short one will do,† and â€Å"Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.† Needless to say that you should use clear, correct English as well. Using a spellchecker is not enough. Proofreading and editing is essential to produce quality prose. Tip #6: (Fiction Writers) Don’t Mix Past and Present Tense This can sometimes be tricky to get to grips with when you’re new to writing: but if you’re writing piece of fiction, you need to choose between past and present tense. You can tell the story as though it’s already happened: John hurried down the street. Sue ran after him, furious. â€Å"John!† she shouted. â€Å"Come back here!† Alternatively, you can tell the story as if it’s currently happening: John hurries down the street. Sue runs after him, furious. â€Å"John!† she shouts. â€Å"Come back here!† What you can’t do is mix past and present: John hurried down the street. Sue runs after him, furious†¦ Sometimes, there’s a place for switching from past to present tense or vice versa – but be careful that you don’t switch accidentally. Tip #7: (Fiction Writers) Don’t Use the Same Word Too Often If you use the same word repeatedly within a short space of time, it can start to stand out for the reader and become a distraction from your writing. This is particularly true of unusual words (I read a novel recently by an author with a particular liking for the word â€Å"stolid†). Here’s an example: John locked the door before opening the letter. He could hear Sue moving around in the kitchen, just outside the door. As he drew the letter from the envelope, there was a knock on the door. â€Å"John? What are you doing in there? Open the door!† The word â€Å"door† appears four times in that paragraph, and there’s a danger of it having a slightly comic effect. Some words are fine to repeat as often as you like, however: little ones like â€Å"a†, â€Å"the†, â€Å"and†, â€Å"he†, â€Å"she and so on. With character names, too, it’s best to just pick something to call them and stick with it. So don’t try to remove all repeated words – but do keep an eye out for words or phrases that you tend to over-use. Tip #8: (Fiction Writers) Stick to One Character’s Perspective at a Time Even if you’re writing in the third-person rather than the first-person, it’s a good idea to stick to just one character’s perspective in any given scene or passage – this is called â€Å"third-person limited† or sometimes â€Å"deep POV† and contrasts with the â€Å"third-person omniscient† viewpoint that’s typical of classic 19th century literature. Readers expect this close third-person perspective, and it allows you to give the thoughts and viewpoint of one character at a time – helping the reader to identify with that person and to really understand them. Beyond all these tips, though, there’s one thing I want to leave you with: the fact that no-one is born able to write. You may not yet have the skills you want as a writer †¦ but you can develop those skills. A year or so ago, my five-year-old daughter could only write a few words (and often got her letters backwards); now, it’s fascinating to watch her fledgling attempts at writing stories, messages, and even puzzles. Just like her, you could look back a year from now and be surprised at how far you’ve come. Wherever you are right now with your writing, keep on working at it, keep enjoying it, and keep finding new things to learn as you go along. Good luck! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesThe Writing Process20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Free Essays on In Our Time

show that women in this time where never in the â€Å"light†, always hidden from view and never listened to and always ignored. In â€Å"The Three-Day Blow†, Nick’s view of women is again corrupted by Bill, Nick’s childhood best friend. Bill says to Nick, â€Å"Once a man’s married he’s absolutely bitched,† and â€Å"You’ve seen the guys that get married†. Bill is trying to demonstrate to Nick that women would only hinder his lifestyle, something with which he would not like to be involved. Nick’s ideas of women are finally changed in â€Å"Cross-Country Snow†. He has impregnated a woman and is now taking responsibility and by marring her. He has become a mature young man and has to learn for him-self how to treat women instead of doing what he has been told. His decision no longer allows him to ski across Europe as he ... Free Essays on In Our Time Free Essays on In Our Time Change Of Nick In In Our Time In Ernest Hemingway’s 1925 short story collection In Our Time, the main character, Nick, changes from a naà ¯ve boy to an educated man. Through the stories, his view, on relationships, sanity, and death develop and intensify. His dynamic characteristics become apparent through his actions, dialogue, and inner monologue. Through the short stories, Nick’s perspective on relationships was changed by his family and friends. In the short story, â€Å"The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife†, Nick is shown how to â€Å"treat† a woman by his father. Nick’s mother is just ignored and in a way is looked down upon in their household. When his mother says to Nick’s father, â€Å"If you see Nick, dear, will you tell him his mother wants to see him?†, he just â€Å"forgets† about telling Nick and allows his son to go hunting with him. Nick learns from this his experiences with his father that women aren’t important. Hemingway also uses clues to show that women don’t have a significant role by using a phrase such as â€Å"Then he heard his wife’s voice from the darkened room.† These words show that women in this time where never in the â€Å"light†, always hidden from view and never listened to and always ignored. In â€Å"The Three-Day Blow†, Nick’s view of women is again corrupted by Bill, Nick’s childhood best friend. Bill says to Nick, â€Å"Once a man’s married he’s absolutely bitched,† and â€Å"You’ve seen the guys that get married†. Bill is trying to demonstrate to Nick that women would only hinder his lifestyle, something with which he would not like to be involved. Nick’s ideas of women are finally changed in â€Å"Cross-Country Snow†. He has impregnated a woman and is now taking responsibility and by marring her. He has become a mature young man and has to learn for him-self how to treat women instead of doing what he has been told. His decision no longer allows him to ski across Europe as he ...

A Reflection on the Qur'an, Heritage and Education Essay

A Reflection on the Qur'an, Heritage and Education - Essay Example This essay reflects on his ideas on the subjects of the Qur’an, laws, and education. It agrees with the foundations that the Qur’an laid for a comprehensive viewpoint on lawmaking and legal interpretation, as well as on a modern educational system that balances religious and rational sciences. The Qur’an is the foundation of Islam, which supports it as a way of life. The Qur’an is different from other religious texts, because it focuses on the moral development of humanity in a tangible and communal way (Rahman 2). It is different from Buddhist and Taoist texts that tend to be metaphysical or individualist in orientation. The Holy Bible of Christianity also attempts to morally guide Christians as individuals and as a community, but it does not attempt to affect the legal and political dimensions of human living. The Qur’an, on the other hand, is a blueprint not only for individual living, but how individuals should live together. It is a practical a nd moral guide for numerous issues, including peace, war, and various other public and private affairs (Rahman 2). This paper believes then that the basis of saying that Islam is a way of living is because the Qur’an provides for the direction of that way of living. In Christian societies, the Church and the law are separate, and so are the Church and legislative and executive functions of society. Muslim jurists, on the contrary, use the Qur’an to find answers to both historical and present-day legal questions and cases (Rahman 2). The idea is that God lives through the words of the Qur’an and to follow it completely entails that Muslims should believe in and depend on the Qur’an completely. This way, they truly fully surrender to Allah through living the Qur’an in every aspect of their existence. This essay agrees with Rahman that one of the main problems with present Islamic jurisprudence is the failure of jurists to have a unified reading of th e Qur’an, which leads to an atomistic and insufficient understanding of the verses and the entire Qur’an itself. Rahman criticizes the deductive reasoning used on the Qur’an, such as using qiyas, or analogical reasoning, because it reduces it to its parts, instead of using the parts to appreciate it as a whole (Rahman 2). Like Rahman, this essay believes that to properly read the Qur’an, people must go beyond literally reading the verses, and instead, they must read it in relation to the whole of the text too. In other words, the process starts from the specific and then goes to the general goals and values of the text. Rahman is concerned that by diving the text into verses, they will have unintended legal and religious interpretations (Rahman 2-3). In order to properly read the Qur’an, this paper believes too that the thought systems must come from it, and not from external sources, like what the Sufis did (Rahman 3). This way, fundamental ideas and thought structures will be derived from the Qur’an itself and not from the outside, which are forced on the Qur’an instead (Rahman 3). Rahman calls his process as a new hermeneutical method that highlights the cognitive aspect of the Qur’an (4). It consists of studying the Qur’an using its text, instead of relying on external resources to make sense of it. For me, it means that interpreting the Qur’an does not require outside sources, but an analysis of what the text means in its parts and then as a whole. The idea is to go inside the

Work Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work Ethics - Essay Example Qualities like punctuality, cooperation and teamwork are traits that must be present in an employee given to any type of work. Be it the white collar professional or the blue collar laborer, all these groups have to abide by these rules. Every organization must ensure that their employees have perfect attendance along with productivity scores to create a profitable and professional environment. However, there are certain work ethics that are employed in white collar jobs at a far greater degree than for blue collar jobs: respect for different race or sex. Appearance is another ethic which is important in white collar jobs rather than blue collar ones. This gives the white collar workers a greater edge over manual jobs. 2) Upper middle class benefit the most from the work ethics produced by their organization. This is because these professional white collar workers are safe from problems like sexual or ethnic harassment, an ethic which is usually ignored amongst the lower classes: semi-professionals, working and marginalized members. Equality is an ethic which has not been mentioned in the work ethics program. It should be considered to ensure that no employee is disrespected because of their position at the job. The class differences can pose as a great source of inequality. These barriers should be removed before they create further problems within society.

Bit coin in monetary economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bit coin in monetary economics - Essay Example It allows the conversions once held bit coins are automatically stored without the requirement of a bank account (Barski and Wilmer, 31). Consequently, bit coin and other electronic coins reduce storage and business price, as well as it presents another option to control currency danger. Since bit coin floats against any money and it is attached to any nation’s financial system, it is by meaning affronted from the result of its fiscal rule and economic measures. Supports might argue that uneven balances to bit coin could guard against dips in money since the bit coin in result does not, does not shift while every other money changes instead. However, bit coin’s worth is unstable, driven by issues in numerous cases exterior to the distinctive supply and command for the money itself. Recently commerce in bit coin has been considerably influenced by news that regulatory organizations perceive the active currency as a refuge for money wash (Barski and Wilmer, 53). The lack of participants in the marketplace is also another important issue. Banks are not engaged in bit coin; therefore a business seeming to transact has inadequate alternatives. Even as a handful of treasury and risk controls portals will deal with practical currencies, the need for a system addition and formal confirmation actions will be vital. The legal activities increase the time and attempt for companies to total their diligence and narrow fulfillment to support these dealings (Barski and Wilmer, 122). Combine with the need for a copied marketplace and the requirement for business to evade projected money poses and the instruments just aren’t there for business to dependently use the bit coin. For business treasury and danger managers, the bit coin is not a considerable option to real market money owing to the need for cash. The quantity of bit coin in survival is little, which apparently makes it hard for

Reduce Prevent And Cope With Stress English Language Essay

Reduce Prevent And Cope With Stress English Language Essay It may seem that theres nothing you can do about your stress level. The bills arent going to stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day for all your errands, and your career or family responsibilities will always be demanding. But you have a lot more control than you might think. In fact, the simple realization that youre in control of your life is the foundation of stress management. Managing stress is all about taking charge: taking charge of your thoughts, your emotions, your schedule, your environment, and the way you deal with problems. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun plus the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on. Identify the sources of stress in your life Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. This isnt as easy as it sounds. Your true sources of stress arent always obvious, and its all too easy to overlook your own stress-inducing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sure, you may know that youre constantly worried about work deadlines. But maybe its your procrastination, rather than the actual job demands, that leads to deadline stress. To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and excuses: Do you explain away stress as temporary (I just have a million things going on right now) even though you cant remember the last time you took a breather? Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (Things are always crazy around here) or as a part of your personality (I have a lot of nervous energy, thats all). Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as entirely normal and unexceptional? Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it, your stress level will remain outside your control. Start a stress journal A stress journal can help you identify the regular stressors in your life and the way you deal with them. Each time you feel stressed, keep track of it in your journal. As you keep a daily log, you will begin to see patterns and common themes. Write down: What caused your stress (make a guess if youre unsure). How you felt, both physically and emotionally. How you acted in response. What you did to make yourself feel better. Look at how you currently cope with stress Think about the ways you currently manage and cope with stress in your life. Your stress journal can help you identify them. Are your coping strategies healthy or unhealthy, helpful or unproductive? Unfortunately, many people cope with stress in ways that compound the problem. Unhealthy ways of coping with stress These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more damage in the long run: Smoking Drinking too much Overeating or under-eating Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities Using pills or drugs to relax  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeping too much Procrastinating Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems Taking out your stress on others (lashing out, angry outbursts, physical violence) Learning healthier ways to manage stress If your methods of coping with stress arent contributing to your greater emotional and physical health, its time to find healthier ones. There are many healthy ways to manage and cope with stress, but they all require change. You can either change the situation or change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose, its helpful to think of the four As: avoid, alter, adapt, or accept. Since everyone has a unique response to stress, there is no one size fits all solution to managing it. No single method works for everyone or in every situation, so experiment with different techniques and strategies. Focus on what makes you feel calm and in control. Dealing with Stressful Situations: The Four As Change the situation: Avoid the stressor. Alter the stressor.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change your reaction: Adapt to the stressor. Accept the stressor. Stress management strategy #1: Avoid unnecessary stress Not all stress can be avoided, and its not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that you can eliminate. Learn how to say no   Know your limits and stick to them. Whether in your personal or professional life, refuse to accept added responsibilities when youre close to reaching them. Taking on more than you can handle is a surefire recipe for stress. Avoid people who stress you out   If someone consistently causes stress in your life and you cant turn the relationship around, limit the amount of time you spend with that person or end the relationship entirely.   Take control of your environment   If the evening news makes you anxious, turn the TV off. If traffics got you tense, take a longer but less-traveled route. If going to the market is an unpleasant chore, do your grocery shopping online. Avoid hot-button topics   If you get upset over religion or politics, cross them off your conversation list. If you repeatedly argue about the same subject with the same people, stop bringing it up or excuse yourself when its the topic of discussion. Pare down your to-do list   Analyze your schedule, responsibilities, and daily tasks. If youve got too much on your plate, distinguish between the shoulds and the musts. Drop tasks that arent truly necessary to the bottom of the list or eliminate them entirely. Stress management strategy #2: Alter the situation If you cant avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to change things so the problem doesnt present itself in the future. Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life. Express your feelings instead of bottling them up.  If something or someone is bothering you, communicate your concerns in an open and respectful way. If you dont voice your feelings, resentment will build and the situation will likely remain the same. Be willing to compromise.  When you ask someone to change their behavior, be willing to do the same. If you both are willing to bend at least a little, youll have a good chance of finding a happy middle ground. Be more assertive.  Dont take a backseat in your own life. Deal with problems head on, doing your best to anticipate and prevent them. If youve got an exam to study for and your chatty roommate just got home, say up front that you only have five minutes to talk. Manage your time better.  Poor time management can cause a lot of stress. When youre stretched too thin and running behind, its hard to stay calm and focused. But if you plan ahead and make sure you dont overextend yourself, you can alter the amount of stress youre under. Stress management strategy #3: Adapt to the stressor If you cant change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude. Reframe problems.  Try to view stressful situations from a more positive perspective. Rather than fuming about a traffic jam, look at it as an opportunity to pause and regroup, listen to your favorite radio station, or enjoy some alone time. Look at the big picture.  Take perspective of the stressful situation. Ask yourself how important it will be in the long run. Will it matter in a month? A year? Is it really worth getting upset over? If the answer is no, focus your time and energy elsewhere. Adjust your standards.  Perfectionism is a major source of avoidable stress. Stop setting yourself up for failure by demanding perfection. Set reasonable standards for yourself and others, and learn to be okay with good enough. Focus on the positive.  When stress is getting you down, take a moment to reflect on all the things you appreciate in your life, including your own positive qualities and gifts. This simple strategy can help you keep things in perspective. Adjusting Your Attitude How you think can have a profound affect on your emotional and physical well-being. Each time you think a negative thought about yourself, your body reacts as if it were in the throes of a tension-filled situation. If you see good things about yourself, you are more likely to feel good; the reverse is also true. Eliminate words such as always, never, should, and must. These are telltale marks of self-defeating thoughts. Source:  National Victim Assistance Academy, U.S. Department of Justice Stress management strategy #4: Accept the things you cant change Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You cant prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, its easier than railing against a situation you cant change. Dont try to control the uncontrollable.  Many things in life are beyond our control- particularly the behavior of other people. Rather than stressing out over them, focus on the things you can control such as the way you choose to react to problems. Look for the upside.  As the saying goes, What doesnt kill us makes us stronger. When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities for personal growth. If your own poor choices contributed to a stressful situation, reflect on them and learn from your mistakes. Share your feelings.  Talk to a trusted friend or make an appointment with a therapist. Expressing what youre going through can be very cathartic, even if theres nothing you can do to alter the stressful situation. Learn to forgive.  Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that people make mistakes. Let go of anger and resentments.  Free yourself from negative energy by forgiving and moving on. Stress management strategy #5: Make time for fun and relaxation Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, youll be in a better place to handle lifes stressors when they inevitably come. Healthy ways to relax and recharge Go for a walk. Spend time in nature. Call a good friend. Sweat out tension with a good workout. Write in your journal. Take a long bath. Light scented candles Savor a warm cup of coffee or tea. Play with a pet. Work in your garden. Get a massage. Curl up with a good book. Listen to music. Watch a comedy Dont get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury. Set aside relaxation time.  Include rest and relaxation in your daily schedule. Dont allow other obligations to encroach. This is your time to take a break from all responsibilities and recharge your batteries. Connect with others.  Spend time with positive people who enhance your life. A strong support system will buffer you from the negative effects of stress. Do something you enjoy every day.  Make time for leisure activities that bring you joy, whether it be stargazing, playing the piano, or working on your bike. Keep your sense of humor.  This includes the ability to laugh at yourself. The act of laughing helps your body fight stress in a number of ways. Learn the relaxation response You can control your stress levels with relaxation techniques that evoke the bodys relaxation response, a state of restfulness that is the opposite of the stress response. Regularly practicing these techniques will build your physical and emotional resilience, heal your body, and boost your overall feelings of joy and equanimity. Stress management strategy #6: Adopt a healthy lifestyle You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health.   Exercise regularly.  Physical activity plays a key role in reducing and preventing the effects of stress. Make time for at least 30 minutes of exercise, three times per week. Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing pent-up stress and tension. Eat a healthy diet.  Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with stress, so be mindful of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and keep your energy up and your mind clear with balanced, nutritious meals throughout the day. Reduce caffeine and sugar.  The temporary highs caffeine and sugar provide often end in with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, and sugar snacks in your diet, youll feel more relaxed and youll sleep better. Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs.  Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs may provide an easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Dont avoid or mask the issue at hand; deal with problems head on and with a clear mind. Get enough sleep.  Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body. Feeling tired will increase your stress because it may cause you to think irrationally.

An Analysis of Richer Sounds PLC Essay -- Business Management TQM Essa

An Analysis of Richer Sounds PLC 1.0 A Report on How Richer Sounds Functions 4.1 A Classification of the business according to its ownership, and an explanation of the benefits and constraints of this type of ownership Richer Sounds is part of the Private Sector, which consists of businesses who seek to make a profit. Julian Richer is the sole owner of Richer Sounds, which means he has full control over the business, but the Directors run it. Richer Sounds is a regional unlisted Public Limited Company, which means it is not listed on the Stock Exchange. Julian Richer is owner of all the shares of Richer Sounds, but the official name of the company is still Richer Sounds PLC, even though the shares are not for sale to the public. Julian Richer also gains the advantage of limited liability, which means he is not personally liable for any of the company’s debts. The most he can lose is the money he has invested in the company, so he has not put any of his personal possessions at risk. 4.1.1 Richer Sounds’ Legal Requirements Richer Sounds also have legal requirements that it has to abide by; such as they must have its name and address, ect registered at the Companies House where they will also have to send annual returns and financial statements. This is one of the disadvantages of being a Limited Company the fact they have lots of paperwork due to annual statements. The advantages and disadvantages of Richer Sounds are shown further on in the report. Also the financial affairs of Richer Sounds have to be published because the company’s stakeholders need to see how the business is performing. 4.1.2 Memorandum and Articles of Association The documentation that Richer Sounds is likely to encou... ...follows: www.richersounds.co.uk www.msn.com (search engine); searched words such as Richer Sounds PLC, Richer Sounds’ products and prices, communication. Textbooks I used are as follows: Business Studies for you, authors David Needham and Robert Dransfield Business Studies, authors Ian Marcouse, Andrew Gillespie, Barry Martin, Malcolm Surridge, Nancy Wall. Line relationship . Each person has a superior and staff know whom they should report and for which staff or work area they are responsible for. Informal relationship. Staff have frequent contact through their work, but have no formal relationship. Staff relationship. This is where no formal authority exists, but advice is sought. Lateral relationship where the staff in different departments with the same level of responsibility need to co-operate or co-ordinate their activities.

Ccot Rome 100-600 C.E. Essay

Between 100 and 600 C.E., Rome underwent significant cultural and political changes. Culturally, the empires religious beliefs had changed, resulting in the predominance of Christianity. Politically, Rome’s economy divided. As for continuities, paterfamilias and women’s right remained the same throughout the time period. Religion was a large part of the roman culture, and made a major change to Christianity. When Rome was still n early empire, Paganism, where there was a belief in multiple gods, was the main religion. Initially the poor were the first to switch to Christianity, which later spread to the higher classes of society. The religion was rejected in 100 C.E., but Constantine legalized it in 313 C.E. The Roman Empire was quickly enveloped by Christianity and took over the other religions. A major political change was the division of the once united Roman Empire into the Byzantium to the East, and Rome remaining in the West. Rome was so massive that under one ruler, it was impossible to make everyone happy, which led to dividing the empire. Because of economic and leadership issues, Germanic tribes tried to take over the land to the east and west. Rome had to split its force to fight them, ultimately adding to the chaos that divided the empire. Women’s right had remained constant throughout the time period. Unlike in China and India women, mainly of the upper class, would have a larger participation in business and work. Woman were able to attend schooling together or similar to men at public schools, and attended religious and social events. Paterfamilias was another continuity in 100 to 600 C.E. Rome. The male father had complete control over his family, and his children’s full lives. This included occupations, spouses, possessions, he could even legally kill them.

Native American Stereotypes in Film and Television

Native American Stereotypes in Film and Television The 2013 remake of â€Å"The Lone Ranger,† featuring Native American sidekick Tonto (Johnny Depp), renewed concerns about whether the media promotes stereotypical images of Native Americans. In film and television, American Indians have long been portrayed as people of few words with magical powers. Often the Indians in Hollywood are dressed as â€Å"warriors,† which perpetuates the notion that Natives are savages. On the other hand, Native American women are depicted as beautiful maidens sexually available to white men. Collectively, the stereotypical images of American Indians in Hollywood continue to influence public perception of this racial group. Beautiful Maidens While the media often portrays Native American men as warriors and medicine men, their female counterparts are typically portrayed as beautiful Indian maidens. There is the maiden on the cover of Land O’ Lakes butter products, Hollywood’s various representations of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pocahontas† and Gwen Stefani’s controversial portrayal of an Indian princess for No Doubt’s 2012 music video for â€Å"Looking Hot.† Native American author Sherman Alexie tweeted that with the video No Doubt turned â€Å"500 years of colonialism into a silly dance song and fashion show.† Representations of Native American women as â€Å"easy squaws† have real-world consequences. American Indian women suffer from high rates of sexual assaults, often perpetrated by non-Native men. According to the book Feminisms and Womanisms: A Women’s Studies Reader, American Indian girls are also often subjected to derogatory sexual comments. â€Å"Whether princess or squaw, Native femininity is sexualized,† writes Kim Anderson in the book. â€Å"This understanding finds its way into our lives and our communities. Sometimes, it means constantly having to fend off the advances of people with an appetite for the ‘Other.’ It may involve a continual struggle to resist crass, sexualized interpretations of one’s being†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stoic Indians Unsmiling Indians who speak few words can be found in classical cinema as well as in cinema of the 21st century. This representation of Native Americans paints them as one-dimensional people who lack the full range of emotions that other groups display. Adrienne Keene of the Native Appropriations blog says that portrayals of indigenous peoples as stoic can largely be traced to the pictures of Edward Curtis, who photographed American Indians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. â€Å"The common theme throughout Edward Curtis’s portraits is stoicism,† Keene explains. â€Å"None of his subjects smile. Ever. †¦To anyone who has spent any time with Indians, you know that the ‘stoic Indian’ stereotype couldn’t be further from the truth. Natives joke, tease, and laugh more than anyone I know- I often leave Native events with my sides hurting from laughing so much.† Magical Medicine Men Like the â€Å"Magical Negro,† Native American males are often portrayed as wise men with magical powers in film and television shows. Usually medicine men of some sort, these characters have little function other than to guide white characters in the right direction. Oliver Stone’s 1991 film â€Å"The Doors† is a case in point. In this film about the famed rock group, a medicine man appears at key moments in Jim Morrison’s life to shape the singer’s consciousness. The real Jim Morrison may have really felt that he connected with a medicine man, but his thinking was likely influenced by Hollywood depictions of American Indians. In all cultures, there have traditionally been individuals with an impressive knowledge of the healing qualities of plants and herbs. Yet, Native Americans have been portrayed in film and television time and time again as medicine men who have no other purpose but to rescue hapless white people from harm. Bloodthirsty Warriors In films such as â€Å"The Last of The Mohicans,† based on James Fenimore Cooper’s book of the same name, there is no shortage of Indian warriors. Hollywood has traditionally portrayed Native Americans as tomahawk-wielding savages thirsty for the white man’s blood. These brutes engage in barbaric practices such as scalping and sexually violate white women. The Anti-Defamation League has attempted to set this stereotype straight, however. â€Å"While warfare and conflict did exist among Native Americans, the majority of tribes were peaceful and only attacked in self-defense,† the ADL reports. â€Å"Just like European nations, American Indian tribes had complex histories and relationships with one another that sometimes involved combat, but also included alliances, trade, intermarriage and the full spectrum of human ventures.† As the character, Thomas-Builds-the Fire notes in the film â€Å"Smoke Signals,† many First Nations peoples have no history of being warriors. Thomas points out that he came from a tribe of fishermen. The warrior stereotype is a â€Å"shallow† one the ADL asserts, as it â€Å"obscures family and community life, spirituality, and the intricacies inherent in every human society.† In the Wild and on the Rez In Hollywood films, Native Americans are typically found living in the wilderness and on reservations. In reality, considerable numbers of First Nations peoples live off the reservation and in major U.S. cities. According to Washington University in St. Louis, 60 percent of the Native American population lives in cities. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that New York, Los Angeles, and Phoenix boast the largest populations of Native Americans. In Hollywood, however, it’s rare to see an aboriginal character living in a metropolitan area.

US Civil War essays

US Civil War essays The existence of United States of America as a separate independent country was declared during the American Revolution of 1789. Thus, Americans still had to fight for their independence in the War of 1812 against Great Britain. This war was considered to be Americas second Revolution. And due to the expansionist issues over slavery after the Mexican-American War the conflict broke into a Civil War that devastated the Southern states. Many consider the Civil War to be the Third American Revolution, which is a reasonable point due to the settlement of the argument of abolition of slavery during this war. The main reason that started the Civil War was the secession of Southern states from the Union in 1860-1861, after the election of Abraham Lincoln as president. Thus the battle fronts organized on both eastern and western sides of Appalachian Mountains and along the Atlantic coast of the states. Northern forces were much superior in numbers, equipment and supplies that were provided by the industrialization of the region and extensive railroad system. South had the only advantages of fighting on the home grounds and fighting a defensive war. In the course of battles Union naval fleet held a blockade of the Confederate shores, thus jeopardizing even the prosperous Southern cotton trade. On land, eastern front locked into a stalemate towards the end of 1862 between Washington, DC and Richmond, VA. While, quite successful Unionist forces in the west occupied most of the Mississippi river. At that point Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that reshaped the war into the fight ag ainst slavery for the Union troops. Thus also allowing the recruitment of blacks into the army, Northern army experienced a good reinforcement that allowed it to push for victory in the war. Civil War proved to be the bloodiest war that US experienced so far, but the end was reached by May of 1865. North won and thus declared all slaves on the US terr...

Public University Funding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public University Funding - Assignment Example There is problem in acquiring funds from private entities/foundations such as 'auxiliaries' that are affiliated to these public universities. The problem does not arise from acquiring funds. The problem arises when such 'auxiliaries' affiliated to the universities are not legally bound to disclose where they get funds from and are also exempt from any disclosure of their accounts. Such anomaly can lead to grave consequences for the universities. Instances have been quoted where certain 'auxiliaries' have not been as forthcoming as they were expected to be. A foundation affiliated with Sonoma State University lent money to a former member of its board. They then got stuck with a bill when he could not pay the money back. And a former chancellor of San Francisco City College has been indicted on charges that include allegedly diverting money from a foundation account to pay for a club membership, liquor and other expenses (Instructions). These malpractices cannot be allowed to go unchecked just because Californian Public Records Act does not cover foundations. There is a gap in the law if such malpractices are allowed to occur with impunity. The current financial scenario is fraught with ignoble implications and any gap in the legal process could even mean playing into the hands of terrorists. Californian Senator Leland Yee's legislative bill SB-218 deserves "swift and overwhelming approval" by the legislature. The bill will ensure transparency and accountability. In order that honest and bona fide "auxiliaries' are not discouraged from fund raising on the university's behalf, SB-218 has a provision for such donors to remain anonymous (Senate Judiciary Committee). There are legitimate and principled ways of raising funds. Sometimes it is easier to raise funds than disburse them. Universities must be as careful in their disbursements as they are when raising funds. Conclusion Accountability and transparency in financial affairs promote goodwill and developmental activities. People in general and donors in particular want to see funds utilized judiciously and donate in greater measure when funds are invested honestly and purposefully. Besides, universities are noble institutions and are expected to uphold exemplary standards of funds utility. Source: Instructions, Order No. 316961, Academia-Research.com Senate Judiciary C

Horrible and Strange Practice Under the Context of Our Modern Culture Essay

Horrible and Strange Practice Under the Context of Our Modern Culture - Essay Example Initially, it would seem that suttee is such a horrible and strange practice if perceived under the context of our modern culture. However, the essence of this act bears such a close resemblance to our own values, particularly those pertaining to the level of love and piety of husbands and wives. Both cultures acknowledge the sacred union and celebrate the special bonding of couples. As mentioned, those people believe that suttee purged a couple of all accumulated sins, warranted salvation and guaranteed an afterlife reunion. In our modern culture, people believe that husbands and wives should work together to achieve their familial goals as well as enrich their spirituality. It is in this way that values of the modern and archaic cultures converge. It is in the â€Å"Til-Death-Do-Us-Part† concept that the two cultures differ. We believe that couples, those who enter into marriage at least, should stay together in sickness and in health, for richer or poorer. However, in the e vent that one of them dies, the marriage ties are severed. This means the church and the state grant the other the freedom to marry again. On the contrary, selected Hindu cultures practising suttee deem that the union of a husband and a wife does not end in death (of the man) and goes beyond the present life. This stems from the Hindu belief of the after-life. On the given scale, I believe that I fall on 3. I think that diversity of cultures should be respected. People should show consideration for the culture and customs of others. This is tantamount to upholding their inherent right as a people to practice their customs and nourish their culture no matter how different these are from our own.